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- • Chest x-ray (fewer than 10 percent have lung metastases at the time of diagnosis).
- • CT or MRI scans of the pelvis may sometimes help to determine the extent of local invasion and whether the
- iliac and groin (inguinal) lymph nodes are involved.
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- Endoscopy and Biopsy
- • Anoscopy/proctosigmoidoscopy under local or general anesthesia if necessary.
- • Biopsy of the tumor mass to establish the type of cancer.